It only takes a minute to make a phone call!

It is 6:03 p.m. and Jill is home waiting impatiently for the children to return from their visit with Jack.  It is now seven o’clock and the children are still not home.  Jill is really worried that they had a car accident and tries to call Jack on his cell phone but, as usual, she gets the voicemail.  It is 7:52 and Jill is close to tears when finally the car pulls into the laneway.  The children are happy to see their mother, Jack acts like nothing happened and wonders why Jill looks so weird and upset. 

If this scenario sounds familiar, just know that you are not alone. Agreements around children’s exchanges are sometimes not followed and can be a perfect opportunity for an irritated parent to upset the other as a result of thoughtlessness, immaturity, or simple lack of respect.  Unfortunately, there is often no legal sanction for this type of behavior.  Disputes arising from the implementation of the parenting provisions of a court order (such as exchange times) are civil matters, not criminal ones.  The police usually does not get involved unless there is a risk of harm to one parent or the children.

How can you manage your children’s exchanges effectively?  Obtaining a solid parenting agreement containing detailed expectations and built-in sanctions for misbehavior may be the answer to your problems. Your agreement should allow for a reasonable exchange time window as it happens to everyone to be “reasonably” late because of traffic, work or some other unavoidable delay.   However, if the parent does not call to notify the other parent or simply does not show for the visit, then the agreement should provide that the parenting time is lost so as to allow the other parent to carry on with his/her day. The same sanction could apply to future parenting time if the children are not returned on time after a visit. You may also want to consider asking for the exchange to take place in a public location such as a restaurant or coffee shop.

Is it possible to change your current, ineffective child custody order or parenting agreement? Yes, but you will need to go to court and ask a judge to vary the terms of your agreement or order. Depending on your current situation, this costly process might be worth your while in the long run and may be in the best interest of the children who are often caught in the middle of these high conflict situations.  Be sure to journal all the exchanges – the good and the bad – as you may need to provide the court with detailed accounts of the exchanges.

Parents and children both deserve a life post-divorce that is devoid of chaos and stress. This is easily achieved when both parents maintain a mutually respectful co-parenting relationship. Remember that good accounts make good friends and it only takes a minute to call and inform the other parent that you will be late. 

Tax Headaches for Separated Couples…

Here comes tax season again, and it’s time for Jack and Jill to pay the price for being respectful and abiding Canadian citizens.  It is hard enough to disentangle income tax issues when the family unit is still whole, imagine the complications that can arise when you have just separated and you do not have a finalized separation agreement. Canada Child Tax Credits, Harmonized Sales Tax Credits, Universal Child Care Benefits, Dependants Claims and National Child Benefits are only a few of those complex issues that need to be dealt with and Jack feels overwhelmed.  To make things worst, his lack of “meaningful” communication with Jill at this stage of their separation process is actually making income tax filing a true headache.   

If you were represented by a family lawyer when you signed your final separation agreement, you should not have to worry about future tax implications as your counsel should have carefully assessed them and included specific provisions in the agreement to help you determine which tax credits and benefits each of you is entitled to claim. However if, like Jack, you do not have such an agreement, here are a few tax principles that you absolutely need to be aware of:

 

 

1-     Child support payments. These payments are not tax-deductible for the support payor and are not included in the recipient’s income for tax purposes.  Support Payors Beware: You cannot claim an income tax deduction for the child support payments you made this past year.

  

2-    Spousal support payments. These payments, however, are included in the income of the support recipient and are deductible from the support payor’s income (unless the support was paid in one lump sum in which case different rules apply).  However, to be deductible the obligation to pay spousal support must be confirmed in a written separation agreement or a court order.  While Revenue Canada will recognize support payments made in the year preceding the execution of a separation agreement in most circumstances, you do not want to take a chance and you should confirm any spousal support obligations in a binding agreement (even partial, even signed at the kitchen table) without delay. Spousal Support Recipients Beware: You may need to pay income tax on the money you have received from your ex this past year, so make sure you put some money aside.  For more information on this topic you can visit the following Canada Revenue Agency link:

     

      http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/tx/ndvdls/tpcs/ncm-tx/spprtpymnts/menu-eng.html.

3-    Shared custody arrangement. A shared custody arrangement (for tax purposes) means that each parent spends an equal amount of time (or a near-equal amount of time) with the children in any given year.  In that case, the rules can get real complicated.  You can obtain more information by visiting the following link on Canada Revenue Agency’s website: http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/bnfts/menu-eng.html.  Share Custody Parents Beware:   Do not leave your money to the Taxman! Figuring out what tax credits and benefits you are entitled to and for what period of time can be a complex task.  You should consult with an accountant who will help you breeze through that determination.

Family Law is not a “one size fits all”

Jack is leaving with peace of mind for a one week vacation with the children during the school March Break.  He is feeling much better now that he has spent an hour with a family lawyer he just retained to represent him in the context of his separation from Jill.  Speaking with friends, family members and other well-intentioned – but misinformed – people had left him completely anxious, discouraged and convinced that he would lose it all to Jill unless he hired a “big gun” lawyer, took a “go-for-the-throat” stance in his separation process and spent half of his retirement savings in legal proceedings.   The lawyer he retained was reassuring, clearly explained to him his rights – yes, men and women have equal rights – and obligations and, most importantly, explained to him that it was not necessary to create a legal war to arrive at a fair and equitable settlement, even if he and Jill did not see eye-to-eye on many things.

On top of all of that, Jack learned that when you are going through a separation, you need to be very careful about who you listen to.  During this one-hour informational meeting, Jack learned that he, just like many of his supporters, had many misconceptions about family law, separation and divorce.  Among other things, Jack learned that he was WRONG to believe that: 

1. Couples living in common-law relationships had the same rights and obligations than married couples;

2. The laws about separation and divorce are the same throughout Canada;

3.  A spouse’s extra-marital affairs and/or bad behaviour could result in a less favourable financial settlement for that spouse;

4.  If Jill remarried, his spousal support obligations would automatically stop;

5.  Having joint custody of the children would mean that neither he or Jill would have to pay child support to the other;

6.  “Joint custody” meant that the children spent one week with one parent and one week with the other;

7. Even if he and Jill had signed a marriage contract (something he had thought about asking Jill to sign when they got married), the result would be the same (i.e. that a marriage contract not worth the paper it is written on, as they are not recognized by courts when there is a separation);

8.  If Jill refuses to let him see the children as he wants, he has the right to stop paying child support;

9.  When his children are twelve years old, they can choose where they want to live;

10.  If push comes to shove, he could just take a lower-paying job and would not have to pay spousal support.

There is lot to be said about family law issues, and many people have an incredible amount of misconceptions about them. That’s why it is very important to be careful about who you listen to when you go through a separation as what applied to them may not apply to you.  Just remember that family law is not a “one size fits all” and getting clear and reliable information about YOUR family matter can avoid costly  battles as well as future headaches and heartaches. 

March Break Fun Without Me!

Sitting at her window, Jill is looking at the snowflakes falling slowly in her backyard.  With sadness, she is reminiscing on all the fun in the sun her family used to have during the March school break. Unfortunately, the end of her marriage also brought with it the end of the “family’s” fun in the sun vacation.  This year, Jack is leaving alone with the children on a boat cruise in the Caribbean while Jill stays home shovelling her laneway!

Most parents are exhausted as they try to keep up with their work, the children’s activities, their homework and the daily family routines.  One would think that a single parent would rejoice at having some time alone without the children.  Strangely enough, most parents, especially in the first few years after their separation, feel such a void when the children are visiting with the other parent that they spend their time alone mopping around the house and being – mostly – miserable.  What is important to remember is that you are not alone and you should see this as the perfect opportunity to do something you enjoy and that will lift your mood and feed your spirit.  It is your time to be good to yourself.  You have gone through a lot and you deserve some R and R.  Planning ahead the fun things that you will do during your time alone is as important as making sure that the children have all they need when they are away from home. 

Here are a few tips to help you make the most of this free time and regain your energy. 

1. Cut loose, let your hair down and put your feet up with a tea (or a beer)… every day!  Simply enjoy the peace and quiet in your home.  It may feel strange at first but after a couple of days you may actually enjoy hearing the humming of your  fridge.

2. Call your friends or your family and have a good laugh.  Talk about your most embarrassing moments.  Talking about your ex will only add clouds to your sunny time of relaxation.

3. Buy yourself something you’ve been wanting, such as a book, a new tool, or flowers.  Just choose something that is important to you, even if your budget won’t allow for something extravagant.

4. Treat yourself to a nap, if that’s something you’ve missed and makes you feel better. 

5. Complete a scrapbooking or a renovation project that you never had time to finish and that you can share with your children upon their return.

6. Don’t plan too much and stick to the plan!  Remember, this week is just for you.

Taking care of yourself doesn’t have to be complicated and you don’t have to break the bank to become a happier and more fulfilled single parent.  In fact, most people feel much better about their lives when they take the time to sit down and create their own fun in the sun.

I will NEVER get married again!

Jill cannot stand looking at another heart, cupid or flower which are plastered all over the stores for the upcoming Valentine’s Day.  She vows to never get married again because marriage is too much work, too many headaches and heartaches.  Although she fears being alone for the rest of her life and knows that another partner could provide emotional stability and possibly financial security, she is convinced that one marriage was enough and that love is not for her.

Following a separation, each spouse will be emotionally bruised and will deal with their feelings in a way that is unique to his or her emotional life experience.  Although some may choose to stay alone, others will remarry and many will live common law relationships.  In most Canadian provinces, common law couples do not have the same rights as married couples.  Protecting the assets you currently own becomes even more important and complex when entering a second or third relationship. Having a rock solid cohabitation agreement (for common law couples) or marriage contract (for married couples) is the best way for both parties to protect their assets and to define clearly their rights and obligations.  

Although a domestic contract will allow you to choose how you will divide money and property if there is a separation, issues may arise with respect to how you will manage your financial affairs while living together.  At the outset of a new relationship, most spouses vow to remain financially independent and share 50% of all expenses.  However, many factors may influence that decision such as the number of children living in the home, the disparity in your income, as well as child and spousal support obligations payable to a former family.  What is important is to find simple ways to keep track of monthly expenses and then determine how they should be divided amongst you at any given time as circumstances may change along the way. Here are a few simple tips that can help you better manage your joint finances:

 

1.     Getting a joint credit card dedicated solely for all household purchases such as groceries, kids’ expenses, gas, restaurants, family trips etc.  If no children are involved, it is easy for each spouse to pay 50% of the monthly account balance.  If children are involved, expenses can be shared proportionately (for example 40-60% or 30-70%) depending on the number of children.

2.     Opening a joint bank account where both spouses deposit monthly amounts of money dedicated to pay for household utilities, home renovations, car payments, mortgage etc.  Again, you can decide at the outset which amount is fair for you to pay based on your circumstances and which expenses will be shared or not be shared.

3.     Keeping a “cash’” envelope in the home where each spouse deposits a specific amount of money monthly to pay for take-out, restaurant tips and social activities.  Paying for pizza every Friday night might seem like an insignificant expense at first. However, this weekly treat can become expensive when only one person pays for the whole family.

You may currently be living in bliss but just in case you have already forgotten, the road through separation is long and stressful - even the second time around! You can live happily ever after, if you work from the beginning at not letting financial issues come between you and your spouse.  You now have the knowledge and the opportunity of protecting what you may think is rightfully yours. Talking about money is never easy, but ignoring the issue of joint finances is just like burying a volcano ready to erupt at any time! 

Prenuptial Agreements - An Insurance Policy for Savvy People

Jack is having dinner tonight with his long-time friend Dave who is getting married to his new girlfriend this Summer.   As Jack just spent the past two weeks going through his financial disclosure with a view of beginning the process of dividing his family property with Jill, what a perfect opportunity – he  thought  – to bring the subject of a prenuptial agreement with his dear friend.  After all, isn’t that what true friends are for? Since Jack now understands how the family pie gets divided upon separation – and how quickly it has changed his retirement dreams – he now  realizes that he and Jill could have chosen to do things differently when they got married (had they only known…).  Jack feels that the best wedding gift he can possibly give his best friend is to talk to him about the importance of discussing money issues (and potentially a marriage contract) now that he contemplates to unite in the financial partnership that is marriage (yes, you heard this right). 

Many people are dreading their future spouse’s reaction to the suggestion of a prenuptial agreement (in Canada, the legal term is “Marriage Contract” if you are married or “Cohabitation Agreement” if you are in a common law relationship).  It is generally believed that the purpose of such an agreement   is to prepare for separation or divorce.   This is because most people misunderstand the many purposes that a prenuptial agreement can have and most think that talking about money with your future wife/husband is not sexy...   A marriage contract or cohabitation agreement is akin to an insurance policy for savvy people – you hope that you’ll never have to use it but you have if it becomes necessary.

Who should get a prenup, you ask?  Well, everyone should at least get proper information about legal rights and obligations created by marriage or common law relationship as early as possible prior to making the commitment.  But at a minimum, a contract is highly desirable in many circumstances such as if you own a business, if you entered the marriage with significant assets or if you expect to inherit large sums of money.  In these cases, a prenuptial agreement may not just appeal to you, but will also appeal to your family members who wish for this wealth to be passed on from generations to generations and to your business partners who do not want the business to be paralyzed or affected as a result of your potential separation.  You might be surprised to hear how many businesses go bankrupt as a result of the separation or divorce of its owners (or one of them).  Furthermore, as the rules differ for common law partners, many of them leave long-term relationships with nothing but the shirts on their backs even though they have played a very important role in building the other spouse’s business or financial wealth.

One of the many assurances a marriage contract or cohabitation agreement can provide is the ability for a couple to determine in advance how they will manage their financial affairs during their relationship.  Even if you are 100% positive that you will never separate, statistics show that almost 50% of marriages (the rate is higher for common-law relationships) end in separation and divorce.  The reality is that finances do play a major role in these statistics.  So now that you know, why not fully understand how the law works and how it would apply to you?

Another assurance that a properly drafted domestic contract will provide is that neither spouse will need to spend thousands (and thousands, and thousands…) of dollars on legal fees to settle their affairs in the unlikely event of a separation. Most people I meet do not want nor can afford  to be dragged into lengthy and costly legal disputes post-separation.

And you know what?  If your loved one throws a fit after you bring  up the idea of a prenuptial agreement, that’s a pretty  good indication of how “amicable” the settlement of your financial affairs is likely to be if you ever separate. In fact, I believe that spouses who truly love and trust each other should have sufficient maturity to engage in an open and honest discussion about their views and values surrounding money. The best time to have such a  discussion is NOT when the relationship ends (as is the case for most people), but rather when you enter in the relationship or whenever  you make a major financial decision in the course of your relationship.  Love can move mountains.

Who needs a lawyer? Let’s settle this between us!

Jack is ready to officially move out of the home as he wants to get on with his life.  Since he expects to have significant parenting time with the children, he rented a home which he now needs to furnish.  For that reason, he had a discussion with Jill this morning and gave her a list of things he wants to take with him including furniture, electronics, tools and other household contents.  He also proposed to Jill a way of dividing equally between them their debts, car payments, home expenses and other monthly liabilities.  Jack was told by his best friend Mark that everything needs to be divided 50-50, so that’s how he suggested that he and Jill divide their debts and expenses.  Jill seemed satisfied with the proposal and Jack started drafting a brief separation agreement confirming the parties’ decisions.  After all, Mark and his ex-wife did it this way, they had no problems and they saved a lot of money. In addition, Jack has a copy of Mark’s separation agreement and so it should be relatively easy to just copy the relevant provisions.

For many good reasons, resolving the issues between you and your ex as quickly and cheaply as possible should be your ultimate goal during the separation process.   However, there are a few caveats you should be aware of when you decide to put a family settlement in writing without the assistance of a qualified family lawyer, or at least some guidance from such a professional. Too often, what appeared to have been a simple issue can turn out to be a very complex and expensive one.   When it comes to resolving family law matters, the agreement or the piece of paper signed by both parties may not be a binding contract recognized by the legal system.   In fact, it can be challenged on various grounds and the judge hearing your case may later decide that your “agreement” is null and void.

The first thing you must understand is that in family law, for a contract to be valid it must at least be dated and signed by the two parties before a witness.  Secondly, it is possible for the person who challenges the validity of the agreement to argue that the contract should not stand because he or she:

• Did not understand the nature of the contract, its content or consequences
• Was forced to sign the contract by some form of duress, pressure or undue influence
• Signed the contract without financial disclosure, or
• Feels that the contract is simply unconscionable (i.e. completely unacceptable in  the eyes of the law)

Finally, to make sure that the contract you signed will be enforced by a court if ever challenged by your ex-spouse in the future, you should always obtain independent legal advice (i.e. ask a family lawyer to review your agreement before you sign it).  Make sure that your ex-spouse ALSO gets legal advice but from a different lawyer (the same lawyer cannot give you both legal advice).  If you don’t, you may very well have to deal with the same issue all over again in the future, and at a much higher cost. When advising you on your separation agreement, your family lawyer will make sure that you fully understand the content of your agreement, that you are not signing the contract out of duress or some other form of pressure, and that the financial disclosure obtained from your former spouse allowed you to make informed decisions.